Medieval Diseases And Treatment Research - 1026 Words

Alicia Yang Professor Wooten ENG 241-101 23 October 2015 Medieval Diseases and Treatment Research Essay During the Medieval era there were many diseases. Because of the lack of hygiene in the medieval times, diseases would spread like a wildfire. Just to name a few common diseases that happened in this time, there was the Black Death, leprosy, measles, and typhoid fever. These were most likely transported because of dirty bedsheets and blankets, unwashed clothing, and rodents. The treatments for these diseases and other things, such as medicine for stomach pains, medicine for wounds, and medicine for headaches, are different from today’s standards. The name of Black Death arrived because of the symptoms that were present. When a person has been affected by Black Death, they would have blackened swellings on their skin. Before the swellings blackened, it would be a red color and then gradually darken (Black Plague). Not only would the skin be showing a black color, the blood of the victims would be dark and thick (Black Plagu e). Other symptoms that arose from this disease were muscle pains, bleeding in the lungs, high fevers, and vomiting. The disease was able to spread through fleas that were on rodents. According to the Black Death article, â€Å"7,500 victims of the disease were dying every day† (Black Plague). Medieval treatments used to cure this particular disease was to applying a warm poultice of butter, onion and garlic on the swelled areas (BlackShow MoreRelatedMedieval Medicine. Life For People During The Medieval1329 Words   |  6 PagesMedieval Medicine Life for people during the Medieval Times, also known as the Dark Ages or middle ages, between 400 – 1450 was incredibly difficult due to disease and illnesses being spread throughout Europe. Medieval medicine during the time was easily misunderstood and generally mistreated. As a result, disease spread rapidly, deaths occur at outrageous numbers, and caused people to turn to various forms of medical help. To understand medieval medicine, we must first be able to look back atRead MoreImportance Of Medicine In The Middle Ages849 Words   |  4 Pagesimproved and advanced due to newest technology and research. The Middle Ages, the period in history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance (roughly 500 to 1400 A.D.), was very much a time of darkness for modern civilization. It was a time in which the church as well as superstition heavily influenced the culture, which in turn stifled development in many areas. One of the fields that remained the most stagnant during medieval times was that of medicine. Because of the churchsRead MoreHistory Of Medicine During The 19th Century903 Words   |  4 Pagesdoctors up to today, was written in Greece in the 5th century BCE. The germ theory of disease in the 19th century led to cures for many infectious diseases. Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, geneticsRead MoreThe Author of the Black Death: John Aberth Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesVermont. In 1992, John Aberth received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in Medieval Studies after he received his masters from the University of Leeds. He is the author of five books, whose main focus is the effects of the Black Death in the later Middle Ages, including The First Horsemen: Disease in Human History, The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350, and A Knight at the Movies: Medieval History on Film. Published in 2001, From the Brink of the Apocalypse: Confronting FamineRead MoreImportance Of The Renaissance828 Words   |  4 Pagesdating back to medieval times were proven incorrect and abandoned. Also during the Renaissance, there were a range of radical engineering and mechanical innovations, which drastically transformed humanity forever. One such important innovation was the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg. In particular, Medical research advanced significantly during the Renaissance. One of the most profoundly important and drastic changes was in the field of anatomical learning. During medieval times the catholicRead MoreThe Importance Of The Prosperity Of A Nation Or State1725 Words   |  7 Pagesto judge the prosperity of a nation or state. When reporters and politicians discuss the state of a foreign land, the qualifiers that are used often range from unemployment rates, to currency value, to healthcare systems and beyond. During the medieval period however, a nation’s level of wealth and degree of advancement was largely based upon the number of scholars that an area boasted and the significance of their works. Under this unit of measurement, it becomes clear that no land surpassedRead MoreChristians, Jews, and the Black Plague1707 Words   |  7 PagesRelations between the Christians and Jews of medieval Europe were always influenced by their unequal social and econo mic statuses and the religious competition that existed between them. While the Jews served a purpose in the Christian religion, this purpose meant that the more populous Christians that had come to dominate Europe only tolerated the Jews. No premise of equality existed, and the Jews came to depend on relationships with lower-level rulers to secure their relative safety. RumorsRead MoreThe Black Death Of The Nineteenth Century And Today s Modern Medicine1580 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: The purpose is to compare and contrast treatments and causes for The Black Death from the seventeenth century to today’s modern medicine. Introduction: The Black Death is arguably one of the most important events of the medieval era. This catastrophic plague spread through Western Europe terminating two hundred million people which happened to be one third of the population between 1328 and 1351(Sterling). The Black Death Plague stands out as one of the most dramatic and lifestyle changingRead More History of Public Health Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesPublic health strategies and interventions have changed drastically over time. Bloodletting is one of the most ancient forms of medical interventions. It originated in the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Greece, persisting through the Medieval, Renaissance, and Enlightenment periods (PBS). Doctors used the bloodletting method for every ailment imaginable; from pneumonia, bone fractures, and even wounds, bloodletting was as trusted and popular as aspirin is today. Public health can be datedRead MoreMedieval Times : The Greatest Catastrophe Ever Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesMedieval times saw an age of countless wars and bloodshed. From Persian conquests and Viking massacres, to Crusades and The Hundred Years War, Europe was no stranger to tragedy. Unfortunately, in the mid 1300s, there was an attack they never saw coming; a bloodthirsty raid unlike anything they had ever encountered. This invader had no mercy, killing all who came in his path and no one was prepared to fight back. He had no preference in victims; men, women, and children; Jews, Christians, and Muslims;

Morality in Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne and The Tell...

Morality in Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne and The Tell Tale Heart by Poe Young Goodman Brown, by Hawthorne, and The Tell Tale Heart, by Poe, offer readers the chance to embark on figurative and literal journeys, through our minds and our hearts. Hawthorne is interested in developing a sense of guilt in his story, an allegory warning against losing ones faith. The point of view and the shift in point of view are symbolic of the darkening, increasingly isolated heart of the main character, Goodman Brown, an everyman figure in an everyman tale. Poe, however, is concerned with capturing a sense of dread in his work, taking a look at the motivations behind the perverseness of human nature. Identifying and understanding the†¦show more content†¦Further, dialogue presents the thoughts and feelings of the characters, and we can trust its veracity since the words come directly from the speaker. By examining Faith?s dialogue with her husband, we get a sense of the deeper dread and loneliness she feels, since her husband is traveling towards wickedness . Additionally, the imagery foreshadows the isolation of the young protagonist; starting at sundown, he journeys into darkness, but also towards that which is evil. Turning back to kiss his wife, Goodman Brown prioritizes his journey at the expense of his faith, and foreshadows his dismissal of his faith, since her name is specifically chosen for the purpose of this allegory. There are certain symbols that aid in the development of the moral of the story. First, his wife is symbolic of the old order ? his good and moral heart. Goodman Brown says, ?Faith kept me back awhile,? meaning that he did not give up his religion easily; it took hesitation and doubt until he could bring himself to justify his means: ?making more haste on his present evil purpose? (Hawthorne 135). Here, he deceives himself, thinking that he can be like the unrealistic heathens of the world, and then simply revert back to his Faith, and symbolically, to Heaven. Another important symbol is the wilderness, ?where no church has ever been gathered, nor solitary Christian prayed? (HawthorneShow MoreRelatedThe Tale Heart, The Raven, And Young Goodman Brown1765 Words   |  8 Pagesperfections. Some of America’s greatest works of literature were born in this period, like those of Poe, and Hawthorne. A very common literary theme during the romantic period was that of good v ersus evil, in both individual characters and society as a whole; this theme is especially evident in works such as The Tell Tale Heart, The Raven, and Young Goodman Brown. Edgar Allen Poe’s The Tell Tale Heart is a perfect example of good versus evil in a romantic work. The story deals with and is told by aRead MoreAnalysis Of `` The Scarlet Letter `` By Edgar Allen Poe892 Words   |  4 Pagescentury was Edgar Allen Poe. However, another writer around the same time also made an impact. Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 to an old New England family who can be traced to old Salem. He is best known for his short stories like â€Å"The Birthmark† and â€Å"The Minister s Black Veil†; and the classic novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. He died in 1864 on a tour of the White Mountains in New Hampshire. Most of his stories takes place during puritan Massachusetts. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is such a story. It

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde free essay sample

An analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde , a novel written by Robert Louis Stevenson. A paper which analyzes the characters and themes of British author Robert Louis Stevensons great novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written in 1885. The essay discusses several main themes such as the duality between good and evil and the theme of hypocrisy. Dr. Jekyll, is emotionally detached from a society that expects him to fulfill various obligations, and he accordingly responds with physical detachment. According to an eyewitness, Hyde trampled calmly over the childs body and left her screaming on the groundHe was perfectly cool and made no resistance, but gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running. Hyde is a deformed character who evokes horror and disgust in those who contact him. He lashes out in this seemingly chance encounter, but his trampling a childs body, a figure of innocence that would find his scarred visage doubly repugnant, is indicative of his deep-rooted discontentment with his environment and his own psyche. We will write a custom essay sample on The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reaction he provokes from the crowd confirms his masochistic tendencies.

Nutrition and Health worksheet free essay sample

1. What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? Nutrition the science that links food to health and disease the science of nutrition studies several processes or systems by which human organisms ingest, digest, absorb, transport, and excrete food substances essential to human life (Wardlaw, Smith, 2011). Nutrition is essential to human organisms daily lives because it is the system that supplies nutrients/chemical substances in food to cells and other chemical processes within the body. Humans ingest the food and the cells collect nutrients from food and provide the elements necessary to regulate and provide energy and nutrients are vital to cell reproduction, growth, and maintenance (Wardlaw, Smith, 2011). 2. What is the connection between nutrition and health? The human consumption of food/nutrients has a significant effect on how healthy the body is consuming either too many or too little of one or more nutrients can result in low energy levels and malnutrition which can have immediate as well as lasting results on health. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition and Health worksheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nutrition is also an important part of the human immune system without the proper nutrition it is difficult for the human body to defend itself from disease, bacteria, and other foreign microorganisms (Grosvenor, Smolin, 2012). 3. What are the six classes of nutrients? What are essential nutrients? What are the sources of nutrients? What do nutrients do? The six classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water (Wardlaw, Smith, p. 7, 2011). There are three characteristic of an essential nutrient; 1) at least one specific biological function of the nutrients in the body must be identified. 2) Omission of the nutrient from the diet must lead to decline in certain biological functions. 3) Replacing the omitted nutrient in the diet before permanent damage occurs will restore normal biological functions (Wardlaw, Smith, p. 5, 2011). Nutrients come from food, fortified foods, and dietary supplements. Nutrients provide the body with energy, contribute to the structure of the body, and regulate biological processes (Grosvenor, Smolin, 2012). 4. How do vitamins and minerals work? Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that perform many different functions in the body. One of the main functions of vitamins and minerals is to support chemical reactions one of these reactions is to help release the energy trapped in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Others include processes, repairing cells, building bone tissue, blood production, and sustaining the immune system. Vitamins and minerals are not sources of energy themselves but work like keys sometimes together within the body to unlock the energy stored within food. 5. What does it mean to eat a balanced diet? Why is food choice important for good nutrition? To eat a balanced diet means ingesting the proper amount of calories in a variety of foods. This supplies nutrition and energy for maintaining body cells, tissues and organs. A balanced diet also supports the proper growth and development. Food choice is important for good nutrition because not all foods can contain every nutrient needed to support a healthy body. Variety, quality, and proper quantity are important in ensuring that the body is supplied with the right nutrients to meet energy needs, support proper growth, development, maintenance, and to keep body functions running smoothly (Wardlaw, Smith, 2011). 6. What is undernutrition? What is overnutrition? Undernutrition is inadequate intake of the proper nutrients to support bodily functions, growth, development, and maintenance. A common form of undernutrition is dehydration. When nutrition needs are not meet the body becomes more vulnerable to illness and disease. Overnutrition is the excess intake of nutrients and calories. When some nutrients especially vitamins and minerals are consumed in excess they can be deadly. Other nutrients, such as calories that are consumed in excess and not used are stored as fat when this happens too often obesity sets in and the result is poor health and can result in heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. (Wardlaw, Smith, 2011). 7. Why is physical activity important as it relates to nutrition and health? Physical activity is important as it relates to nutrition and health because physical activity uses energy or burns calories; the amount of calories an individual burns should correspond to their caloric intake. During physical activity carbohydrates are converted to energy to help muscles work and protein is used to build and maintain the muscle tissue. Physical activity and nutrition work together for better health regular physical activity helps to burn off excess calories which when not used are stored as fat (Cottrill, 2011). 8. Where might you find dietary recommendations? What are the recommended dietary allowances (RDA)? What are dietary reference intakes (DRIs)? Dietary recommendations can be found on the website choosemyplate. com from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) were guidelines set by the Food and Nutrition Board giving instruction on specific amounts of energy and nutrients that people were most likely to omit or neglect in their daily intakes such as protein, iron, calcium, vitamins A D, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. The RDAs were based on amounts of these nutrients that would prevent nutrient deficiencies. Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) are recommendations for the amounts of energy, nutrients, and other food components that individuals should consume to stay healthy and reduce the risk of disease due to deficiencies. DRI is the expanded version of the RDAs they have changed because diet and activity levels have changed along with disease patterns these DRIs now address excess as well as deficiencies (Grosvenor, Smolin, 2012). 9. The United States Department of Agriculture created a diagram titled My Plate. What is this diagram? Why should someone study this diagram? The My plate diagram is an easy to follow graph is the most recent US guideline that divides food into groups based on the nutrients they supply abundantly and illustrates the appropriate portions of foods from each group that make up a healthy diet. The food groups listed on the My Plate diagram are fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy. It is important to study this diagram so one is able to choose the right combinations of foods so that individuals are more likely to get the correct nutrient-intake recommendations and to promote health (Grosvenor, Smolin, 2012). 10. What are some tools for diet planning? Some tools for diet planning include the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans these are a set of diet and lifestyle regulations designed to promote health and reduce the risk of overweight, obesity, and chronic diseases within the US population. A diagram supplied by the USDA MyPlate illustrates the appropriate portions of foods from each group that make up a healthy diet. Other tools are a daily food plan and food exchange lists and a caloric intake calculator, food labels RDAs or DRIs (Grosvenor, Smolin, 2012). 11. What is the calorie intake calculator? What factors does this calculator take into account? A calorie intake calculator is a device or program that determines the amount of calories an individual needs to lose, maintain, or gain weight. A caloric intake calculator takes these factors into account; current weight, desired weight, height, gender, age, and activity level it then calculates the correct amount of calories an individual must consume each day to reach the desired goal weight. It is important the intake does not exceed daily caloric output unless the goal is to gain weight for health reasons. 12. What are some dangers associated with dieting? Some of the dangers associated with dieting are1) the development of nutritional deficiency in cases of extreme calorie reduction it is difficult to ingest the proper amounts of nutrients each day required for good health. 2) Eating disorders are another concern associated with dieting occasionally an individual can become obsessed with weight loss and tries to lose weight at any cost. 3) Yo-yo- dieting is a concern this is when individuals lose weight then gain back more than previously lost. Some studies show this type of dieting can have very negative effects on an individual’s health. 13. What is the best way to lose weight? Explain your answer and provide at least one source, formatted consistent with APA guidelines, to support your answer. The best way to lose weight is to do it slowly with a reduced calorie diet and exercise. Losing 1 to 2 pounds a week increases the likelihood the weight will stay off. Some of the important steps to help you be successful are to keep a food journal and count calories. Try to fill up on vegetables and drink plenty of water. Don’t bring tempting foods into your home, stay busy and don’t skip meals (WebMD, 2013) Reference: WebMD. (2013). Weight loss and diet plans. Retrieved from http://www. webmd. com/diet/features/lose-weight-fast-how-to-do-it-safely 14. How does exercise influence body weight? The human body uses caloric energy to maintain involuntary bodily functions as well as voluntary physical activity. Exercise burns calories when calories are used or burned they are not stored as fat. When there are no readily accessible calories for the body to burn it pulls the energy from food stores (fat within the body) to produce energy. This process reduces fat stores and decreases body weight. The opposite is also true when the human body is inactive calories are not burned but they are stored as fat in the body increasing body weight and mass. 15. Consider your personal dietary habits. What are some modifications you might make to promote good health? Recently I have decreased my daily caloric intake to 1200 to 1400 in order to lose weight. I have increased water consumption and have also varied my food choices more in order to include more nutrients in my diet including more raw foods. Some modifications I could add to my dietary habits would be to increase my daily activity levels. I have a fairly inactive job and along with the combination of school work it makes for a fairly sedentary lifestyle. 16. How does today’s society affect our nutritional habits? Today’s society is fast paced and busy so most individuals take advantage of fast food restaurants and convenience foods (prepackaged). Individuals in today’s society are also becoming less active we drive everywhere, and sit in front of computers and televisions more than ever before . Unlike previous generations the majority of jobs in America today do not involve physical activity. Society is busy and individuals have less time for exercise it is easy to make the excuse that we are too busy to eat right and exercise.

Battle Of Gettysburg Essay Research Paper Collin free essay sample

Battle Of Gettysburg Essay, Research Paper Collin Greenwood Mr. Baker Awards History 24 April 2000 The Battle of Gettysburg? The Turning Point of the Civil War Gettysburg was the turning point of the American Civil War. This is the most celebrated and of import Civil War Battle that occurred over three hot summer yearss, July 3, 1863, around the little market town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. More significantly Gettysburg was the clang between the two major American Cultures of their clip: the North and the South. The causes of the Civil War, and the Battle of Gettysburg, one must understand the differences between these two civilizations. The Confederacy had an agricultural economic system bring forthing baccy, maize, and cotton, with many big plantations owned by a few really rich white males. These proprietors lived off the labour of sharecrop farmers and slaves, bear downing high dues for usage of their land. The Southern or Confederate Army was made up of a group of white males contending for their independency from federal northern dictates ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 1 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Battle Of Gettysburg Essay Research Paper Collin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Union economic system was based on fabrication, and even the minorities in the North were better off than those in the South most of the clip. The Northern politicians wanted duties, and a big ground forces. The Southern plantation proprietors wanted the exact antonym. The South was contending against a authorities that they thought was handling them below the belt. They believed the Federal Government was overtaxing them, with duties and belongings revenue enhancements doing their life manners even more expensive than they already had been. The North was contending the Civil War for two grounds, foremost to maintain the Nation unified, and 2nd to get rid of bondage. Abraham Lincoln, the commanding officer and head of the Union or Northern forces along with many other Northerners believed that bondage was non merely wholly incorrect, but it was a great humiliation to America. Once can see that with these differences a struggle would certainly happen, but non many had predicted that a matured war would breakout. One did and after three bloody and dearly-won old ages for both sides we come to the day of the month of July 1, 1863. Before the conflict, major metropoliss in the North such as Philadelphia, Baltimore, and even Washington, were under menace of onslaught from General Robert E. Lee? s Confederate Army of Northern Virginia which had crossed the Potomac River and marched into Pennsylvania. On Tuesday forenoon, June 30, an foot brigade of Confederate soldiers seeking for places headed toward Gettysburg ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 2 ) . The Confederate commanding officer looked through his field spectacless and spotted a long column of Federal Cavalry heading toward the town. He withdrew his brigade and informed his superior, General Henry Heth, who in bend told his superior, A.P. Hill, he would travel back the undermentioned forenoon for places that were urgently needed. The conflict began on July 1, 1863, when some of General Ambrose Powell Hill? s progress brigades entered the town of Gettysburg Pennsylvania looking for places ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 2 ) . Because of General Stuart? s failure to finish his mission of tracking the Union ground forces, Hill? s military personnels encountered a Union horse division commanded by Major General John Buford ( Microsoft Encarta Battle of Gettysburg 2 ) . During conflict in forepart of Cemetery Hill, General Hill was faced with obstinate opposition from the Union forces seeking to keep until the remainder of the forces could get and assist out. The contending went on until General Richard S. Ewell arrived and forced the federal military personnels to withdraw to better land Southeast of Gettyburg ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 2 ) . Although the Confederates won the twenty-four hours, Ewell made the error of non leting General Hill to coerce the Union forces back farther go forthi ng the Union military personnels with higher land, and that is the decision of twenty-four hours one. On the undermentioned twenty-four hours, July 2, General George Meade, commanding officer of the Union Army of the Potomac arrived, along with the bulk of the ground forces. He formed his forces in a widely recognizable horseshoe formation, anchored at Big and Little Round Top on the West, Culp? s Hill on the East, and got positioned in behind a rock wall along Cemetary Ridge ( Funk A ; Wagnalls Encyclopedia Vol. 11 pg. 384 ) . The big Union forces faced an ad-hoc formation of Southern Troops fixing for a headlong onslaught ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 2 ) . The Confederate forces approximately mirrored the Union line, commanded left to compensate or East to West by James Longstreet, Amrose Powell Hill, and Richard Ewell. Determined to destruct the Army of the Potomac, and stop the war rapidly Confederate General Robert E. Lee ordered an onslaught over the protests of James Longstreet, who was a major force in defensive warfare assorted with strategic violative motion ( Microsoft Encarta Battle of Gettysburg 2 ) . The doomed onslaught was delayed legion times, finally acquiring under manner merely earlier noon and neglecting one time once more in a short clip period afterwards. Confederate additions of land were limited to a Prunus persica grove and an country called Culp? s Hill, which was lost to a counter onslaught by Union forces ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 2 ) . Major losingss were suffered in forces, equipment, ammo, and morale. The 2nd twenty-four hours ended with planning for the 3rd and concluding twenty-four hours of this climatic conflict. General Meade and the Federal forces believed an onslaught would come, but expected an onslaught to come in the same topographic point as earlier that twenty-four hours ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 2 ) . Curiously, given a big sum of losingss to forces traveling against Longstreet? s foremost a ttack, the military personnels led under the bid of Colonel Chamberlain were moved to the centre of the line, which, they were promised, was certain non to see much action on July 3rd. General Lee was determined to strike at the centre of the Union Line believing that Meade would travel most of his forces to sure up the wings that hardly held on the 2nd, and so stoping twenty-four hours two. The forenoon of July 3rd was non filled with much action with the exclusion of light barrage by both sides ( Funk A ; Wagnalls Encyclopedia Vol. 11 pg. 384 ) . Fixing for Southern onslaughts were delayed, but the halfhearted onslaught began about noon with the ill-famed Pickett? s charge. Major General George Pickett, and division commanding officer Longstreet, led about 30,000 work forces across 100s of paces of unfastened Fieldss, across a route and a figure of fencings, and up the side of Cemetery Ridge, all the clip under tremendous fire from Union cannons and muskets ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 3 ) . This onslaught and its accomplishments, which little parts did infact range or even traverse the wall in the face of such overpowering odds are an unbelievable testimonial to the leading of General Lee, Longstreet, and Pickett, among a figure of others, every bit good as the great spirit of the Confederate military personnels. One must non bury to advert, nevertheless, the heroic base by the Union military personnels, from the first twenty-four hours and the Cavalry of John Buford to the 3rd twenty-four hours and the combined attempt of the full Potomac Army ( Microsoft Encarta Battle of Gettysburg 2 ) . Even if non other factors influenced the onslaught, due to the figure and firepower of the entrenched Union military personnels ; the assault was traveling to neglect and was destined to neglect. On the dark of July 3rd, General Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army began their retreat back to Virginia. During the dearly-won three yearss the Union casualties were 3,070 soldiers killed, 14,497 wounded, and 5,434 captured or losing ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 4 ) . The Confederacy suffered 2,992 deceases, 12,706 wounded, and 5, l50 captured or losing ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 4 ) . Gettysburg had of import psychological effects, every bit good as, destroying the South? s morale and doing the North to observe a great tri umph. The dark of July 3rd and into the following twenty-four hours, Saturday, July 4th, Confederate wounded was loaded aboard waggons that began the journey back toward the South. Lee was forced to abandon his dead and get down a long, slow backdown of his ground forces back to Virginia. Union Commander Meade, out of weariness and cautiousness, did non instantly go after Lee, acquiring President Lincoln really angry who wrote a huffy missive to Meade, which was neer delivered, stating he missed an chance to stop the war at this case ( The History Place Battle of Gettysburg 4 ) . Although the casualties were fundamentally equal, the Battle of Gettysburg was the 2nd and last great invasion the of the North, for the South had neither weaponries nor Numberss to go on an assault, but the War dragged on for two more old ages. On November 19, President Lincoln went to the battleground to give it as a military graveyard. He spoke for a short period of clip presenting what is called the Gettysburg Address, surprising many nowadays in the audience with its shortness and go forthing others rather unimpressed, but over clip the address has come to typify democracy as we know it today ( Funk A ; Wagnalls Encyclopedia Vol. 11 385 ) . The Battle of Gettyssburg was a turning point because the South was urgently trusting on that War for supplies and possibly assist from an outside beginning. They felt if they would hold won that conflict they would hold been able to win the war when before they were merely trusting to hang with the alleged well-prepared Union Army. The North needed a good, difficult fought conflict on their portion because up until this point they had been work forces handled and out strategized. The Civil War was expected to be a speedy conflict easy won by the stronger northern ground forces but had dragged on for old ages.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 A major achievement in diplomacy and foreign policy for post-revolutionary America, the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 peacefully eased tensions between the United States and Canada by resolving several long-standing border disputes and other issues. Background: The 1783 Treaty of Paris In 1775, on the brink of the American Revolution, the 13 American colonies were still part of the 20 territories of the British Empire in North America, which include the territories that would become the Province of Canada in 1841, and eventually, the Dominion of Canada in 1867. On September 3, 1783, in Paris, France, representatives of the United States of America and King George III of Great Britain signed the Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolution. Along with acknowledging America’s independence from Britain, the Treaty of Paris created an official border between the American colonies and the remaining British territories in North America. The 1783 border ran through the center of the Great Lakes, then from Lake of the Woods â€Å"due west† to what was then believed to be the source or â€Å"headwaters† of the Mississippi River. The border as drawn gave the United States lands that had previously been reserved for indigenous peoples of the Americas by earlier treaties and alliances with Great Britain. The treaty also granted Americans fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland and access to the eastern banks of the Mississippi in return for restitution and compensation to British loyalists who had refused to take part in the American Revolution. Differing interpretations of the 1783 Treaty of Paris resulted in several disputes between the United States and the Canadian colonies, most notably the Oregon Question and the Aroostook War. The Oregon Question The Oregon Question involved a dispute over territorial control and commercial use of the Pacific Northwest regions of North America between the United States, the Russian Empire, Great Britain, and Spain. By 1825, Russia and Spain had withdrawn their claims to the region as a result of international treaties. The same treaties granted Britain and the United States residual territorial claims in the disputed region. Called the â€Å"Columbia District† by Britain and the â€Å"Oregon Country† by America, the contested area was defined as being: west of the Continental Divide, north of Alta California at the 42nd parallel, and south of Russian America at the 54th parallel. Hostilities in the disputed area dated back to the War of 1812, fought between the United States and Great Britain over trade disputes, the forced service, or â€Å"impressment† of American sailors into the British Navy, and Britain’s support of Indian attacks on Americans in the Northwest frontier. After the War of 1812, the Oregon Question played an increasingly important role in international diplomacy between the British Empire and the new American Republic. The Aroostook War More of an international incident than an actual war, the 1838-1839 Aroostook War – sometimes called the Pork and Beans War – involved a dispute between the United States and Britain over the location of the border between the British colony of New Brunswick and the U.S. state of Maine. While no one was killed in the Aroostook War, Canadian officials in New Brunswick arrested some Americans in the disputed areas and the U.S. State of Maine called out its militia, which proceeded to seize parts of the territory. Along with the lingering Oregon Question, the Aroostook War highlighted the need for a peaceful compromise on the border between the United States and Canada. That peaceful compromise would come from the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty From 1841 to 1843, during his first term as Secretary of State under President John Tyler, Daniel Webster faced several thorny foreign policy issues involving Great Britain. These included the Canadian border dispute, the involvement of American citizens in the Canadian rebellion of 1837 and the abolition of international slave trade. On April 4, 1842, Secretary of State Webster sat down with British diplomat Lord Ashburton in Washington, D.C., both men intent on working things out peacefully. Webster and Ashburton started by reaching an agreement on the boundary between the United States and Canada. The Webster–Ashburton Treaty re-established the border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods, as originally defined in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, and confirmed the location of the border in the western frontier as running along the 49th parallel up to the Rocky Mountains, as defined in the Treaty of 1818. Webster and Ashburton also agreed that the U.S. and Canada would share the commercial use of the Great Lakes. The Oregon Question, however, remained unresolved until June 15, 1846, when the U.S. and Canada averted a potential war by agreeing to the Oregon Treaty. The Alexander McLeod Affair Shortly after the end of the Canadian Rebellion of 1837, several Canadian participants fled to the United States. Along with some American adventurers, the group occupied a Canadian-owned island in the Niagara River and employed a U.S. ship, the Caroline; to bring them supplies. Canadian troops boarded the Caroline in a New York harbor, seized her cargo, killed one crewman in the process, and then allowed the empty ship to drift over Niagara Falls. A few weeks later, a Canadian citizen named Alexander McLeod crossed the border into New York where he bragged that he had helped seize the Caroline and had, in fact, killed the crewman. American police arrested McLeod. The British government claimed that McLeod had acted under the command of British forces and should be released to their custody. The British warned that if the U.S. executed McLeod, they would declare war. While the U.S. government agreed that McLeod should not face trial for actions he had committed while under orders of the British Government, it lacked the legal authority to force the State of New York to release him to British authorities. New York refused to release McLeod and tried him. Even though McLeod was acquitted, hard feelings remained. As a result of the McLeod incident, the Webster-Ashburton Treaty agreed on principles of international law allowing for the exchange, or â€Å"extradition† of criminals. International Slave Trade While Secretary Webster and Lord Ashburton both agreed that international slave trade on the high seas should be banned, Webster refused to Ashburton’s demands that the British be allowed to inspect U.S. ships suspected of carrying slaves. Instead, he agreed that the U.S. would station warships off the coast of Africa to search suspected slave ships flying the American flag. While this agreement became part of the Webster–Ashburton Treaty, the U.S. failed to vigorously enforce its slave ship inspections until the Civil War began in 1861. The Slave Ship ‘Creole’ Affair Though it was not specifically mentioned in the treaty, Webster-Ashburton also brought a settlement to the slave trade-related case of the Creole. In November 1841, the U.S. slave ship Creole was sailing from Richmond, Virginia, to New Orleans with 135 slaves on board. Along the way, 128 of the slaves escaped their chains and took over the ship killing one of the white slave traders. As commanded by the slaves, the Creole sailed to Nassau in the Bahamas where the slaves were set free. The British government paid the United States $110,330 because under international law at the time officials in the Bahamas did not have the authority to free the slaves. Also outside the Webster-Ashburton treaty, the British government agreed to end the impressment of American sailors.

Answer week 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer week 8 - Essay Example Before any business, considers investing in any form of corporate social responsibility, it must remember that the main responsibility is to represent the business stakeholders. So long as an organization behaves responsibly, generating a profit, creating employment, supporting the health of the economy, and increasing wealth are the most responsible things that an organization can do. Remaining focused will ensure that CSR efforts are not taken as manipulative. 2. It is true that the main objective of any business organization is to remain profitable, but to do may require investment in CSR, which may also increase the organization’s operational costs. The actions of an organization, affect the perceptions and behaviors of its clients and community around it (Pava 2008). It also affects it own health and that of the environment around it. An organization needs to consider the implications of its actions on its business and reputation. Before investing in a CSR program, businesses need to determine if it will conflict with the objectives of the organization, and if so such an initiative should be stopped. A healthy organization that meets its objectives is more beneficial to the society than an organization that engages in CSR but is not performing well. The best way that an organization can do good to the community is by performing well. 3. Kramer and Porter have approached the issue of CSR in a realistic manner. Some companies that have invested heavily in CSR have failed to meet their strategic objectives because they initiate such projects without considering the company’s strategy. Some of the most significant material that has been left in the module material is the failure of organizations to view their efforts at CSR from the perspective that they view their core business strategy (Tanget et al 2012). With such a strategy, organizations will realize that CSR is more than an expense or limitation but a source of competitiveness, growth, and